Cover plants with spun polyester to exclude moths. Keep the garden clean of weeds and debris where adult brownish night-flying moths can lay eggs. Small ragged holes eaten in leavesĪ cabbage looper is a light green caterpillar with yellow stripes running down the back loops as it walks. Use a shallow dish of beer with a lip at ground level to attract and drown snails and slugs. Handpick from under a board set in the garden as a shelter trap. Reduce hiding places by keeping the garden free of debris. Trails of silver slime on leaves leaves eaten Cover plants with floating row covers to exclude leafhoppers. Leafhoppers are green, brown, or yellow bugs to ⅓-inch long with wedge-shaped wings. Mulch with aluminum foil which will disorient aphids. Blast aphids away with water from the hose. They leave behind sticky excrement called honeydew which can turn into a black sooty mold. Leaf problems Leaves are distorted or curled under with small shiny specksĪphids are tiny, oval, and yellowish to greenish pear-shaped insects that colonize the undersides of leaves. Spray with hot pepper and garlic repellent. Heavy infestation use a trap of rolled wet paper or old flowerpots stuffed with paper to catch earwigs at night. Most often the damage is tolerable and the infestation is light. Young earwigs feed on plant shoots and eat holes in foliage. Cover seedlings with bird block or floating row covers until established. Seedlings uprooted leaves tornīirds pull up seedlings to feed on the seed. Seedlings wilt and collapse with dark water-soaked stems as soon as they appearĭamping off is a fungus that lives in the soil, particularly where humidity is high. Plant varieties that tolerate warm soil temperatures: Black Seeded Simpson, Progress, Great Lakes, Imperial 615. Use an organic mulch to reduce soil temperature. Lettuce seed has a germination rate of 99 percent at 77☏ the germination rate drops to 87 percent at 86☏. Seed and seedling problems Seed planted in mid-summer or warm weather fails to germinate Lettuce bolts: flowers and goes to seed before it is ready to eat.Leaves at the center of heads are stunted, twisted, narrow, yellowed.Edges of inner head lettuce leaves are brown and rotten usually not visible from the outside of the head.Leaf undersides are silver tiny brown spots on the leaves.Leaves of looseleaf varieties are small and bitter tasting.Stem, lower leaves rot dense grayish green mold on affected areas.Leaves rot becoming water-soaked and turning brownish-black.Sunken, water-soaked spots appear on lower leaves which turn brown and slimy.Pale yellowish spots develop on upper leaf surfaces gray-purple powder or mold on leaf undersides.Plants yellow dark brown steaks inside stems and larger veins plant wilts.Leaves are faintly mottled plants are yellow and stunted.Leaf veins are swollen and light yellow leaves are puckered, ruffled, and brittle.Holes in leaves leaves skeletonized seedlings eaten.Trails of silver slime on leaves leaves eaten.Leaf margins appear scorched and wilted.Leaves are distorted or curled under with small shiny specks.Seedlings wilt and collapse with dark water-soaked stems as soon as they appear.
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